All posts by Joelene Prier

Source: Stuff

Shares in the a2 Milk company have rocketed 24 per cent after it announced huge growth rates in infant formula sales.

The NZX-listed company hiked its guidance for the full year after turning in what it called an “outstanding” result for the six months to December 31.

The record half-year profit of $10.1 million in the six months to December 31 compares to $125,000 previously.

Shares immediately climbed 24 per cent to $2.51.

The company’s share price is now five times higher than it was 12 months ago, with investors taking a keen interest in opportunities to export to China.

Its latest market capitalisation of $1.8 billion puts it in the same ballpark as market stalwarts such as Sky TV, Infratil or Xero.

Total revenue of $139.1m was up 86 per cent compared to the same time last year.

Sales of a2 Platinum formula across Australia, New Zealand and China contributed $73.9m to that figure, a growth rate of 340 per cent.

The company said it now expected full-year operating profit to be in the range of $45m to $49m, with revenue of $335m to $350m.

The China and Other Asia business unit made an operating profit for the first time, with significant growth in formula sales.

Managing director Geoffrey Babidge said the company expected the Platinum infant formula to continue as a driver of growth.

The majority of sales took place in Australian grocery and pharmacy stores, while direct sales into China increased significantly.

The company said the infant formula business was being well supported by New Zealand manufacturing partner Synlait Milk.

After experiencing stock shortages, the company had increased its production schedule with Synlait to meet demand.

It said it was in the process of further building milk supply in New Zealand to prepare for increases in infant formula production.

Besides the Platinum product, Babidge said there positive prospects for growth of a2 whole milk powder, which was launched in the last financial year.

In Britain,the company said its fresh milk business was improving after repositioning into specialty milk.

Source: Stuff

As world dairy prices continue to slide, dairy farmers are increasingly feeling the pressure from their banks.

World dairy prices at the overnight GlobalDairyTrade auction fell 2.8 per cent to an average of US$2235 a tonne, after a 7.4 per cent fall at the last auction two weeks ago. New Zealand’s major export, whole milk powder (WMP), fell 3.7 per cent to US$1890.

A recent poll of members by Federated Farmers showed more than one in 10 dairy farmers (11.1 per cent) are now under pressure from banks over their mortgage. That is up from 6.6 per cent in August and 7.6 per cent in November.

Prices fell for the fourth consecutive auction.

Dairy chairman Andrew Hoggard said that while banks were continuing to support farmers, it was a “worrying statistic” that one in 10 farmers were feeling the squeeze.

The poll was conducted at the beginning of February, with a sample of 1225 members representing all 24 provinces and seven industry groups.

“There’s now a question over the viability of lower order workers such as sharemilkers. I know of some who are switching to contract milking,” Hoggard said.

Commenting on an analyst’s description of dairy prices presenting farming with the worst crisis since the 1980s, Hoggard agreed that expansion had put pressure on farmers.

“We were leaner and meaner in the days when I entered the industry in the late 90s,” he said.

Hoggard called on the Government to hold European farmers to account for the subsidies they received, which were fuelling production.

“This is something our government needs to take up through direct diplomatic channels and the World Trade Organisation, and if next season is going to be any different to this one they’re going to have to move quickly,” he said.

“It’s concerning that some European countries are wanting to move backwards to more regulation. Instead they need to keep moving forward to more market orientated structures. The more farmers around the world live with the economic realities of the decisions they make, the more stable a market we will get for all farmers.”

Rabobank analyst Emma Higgins said the price fall was not surprising and “could have been worse”.

“All eyes will now be on whole milk powder and skim milk powder. This is where the bulk of the volumes are sold and they are the key indicators of the farmgate milk price.

“We’re sitting in a bit of an ugly mix at the moment where there’s modest powder demand combined with high inventory levels as well as strong global growth, especially from Europe,” Higgins said.

Rabobank was preparing to do its forecast milk price but that would not be ready until March.

Westpac economist Anne Boniface said the auction result was “broadly in line with our expectations and leaves us comfortable with our recently updated payout forecasts”.

The bank was now forecasting a Fonterra farmgate milk price of $4 this season and $4.60 in 2016-17.

Agri HQ’s Susan Kilsby said prices were higher than anticipated, judging by futures market indications, which had foreseen a drop of 4 per cent in WMP.

“Overall market sentiment still remains very bearish meaning a sustained price recovery is unlikely to occur until the later part of 2016,” Kilsby said.

There were 151 bidders trading 22,021 metric tonnes of product.

Source: Stuff

ANZ is forecasting a longer, deeper trough in dairy prices.

The bank has dropped its forecast price for milk solids this season by 30 cents to $3.95 a kilo.

It now “tentatively” expected a price of $5 a kilo in 2016-17, which is 50c to 75c less than it had previously been predicting.

Farmers would be losing about $1.50kg on their production over the two seasons, it said.

The bank said there appeared to be “simply too much supply for the market to handle”.

Milk production in Europe was increasing and the cost of production was coming down, it said.

“Both these factors are expected to continue to supress prices and delay expectations for a rebound.”

Chris Lewis, the Waikato chairman of Federated Farmers, said the ANZ report was probably correct but it wasn’t good reading.

“You can’t argue with where the market is and what it’s telling you,” he said.

However, it cost farmers about $5 to $5.50 a kilo just to break even, and they needed more than that for capital such as new fencing or replacement stock.

“You need to be earning well above $6, to be fair.”

The saving grace had been that the predicted drought had not been as bad as expected in his region.

“We’re still having to spend money feeding cows but it’s not as bad. Our crops of maize are looking fantastic at the moment.”

ASB lifted its New Zealand milk production forecast for the season by 3 per cent earlier this week saying fears of a summer drought had largely receded.

But Lewis believed that if prices were as ANZ forecast next season, there would be casualties.

“There’s 12,000 dairy farmers all in the same boat as me. If it gets any worse, it’s a national issue.”

Source: Stuff

Dairy farmers have tightened their belts as the impact of the lower milk payout hits.

Manawatu, Whanganui and Tararua economies have lost $42 million as a result of Fonterra’s latest farmgate price plummeting from $4.60 to $4.15 a kilogram of milksolids for this season.

The lower payout has put a dampener on an already subdued dairy industry.

Blair Worsley from Gary Worsley Motorcycles in Feilding said dairy farmers were bringing in quads bikes for repairs.

“They are not buying new machines, they have no money, but fixing the existing machines.”

He was unsure whether that was cost effective as buying a new machine was sometimes cheaper in the long run.

Worsley said about 70 per cent of the company’s work was maintaining quad bikes and at least five staff worked as mechanics in the workshop.

He said the company was busy selling side-by-side all terrain vehicles and could not get enough. As a result of the additional work the company, which had nine fulltime staff, was thinking about putting more people on.

“About half our clientele are sheep and beef farmers, and half dairy farmers. The sheep and beef people are buying side-by-sides to comply with health and safety regulations”

He said the company had done a deal on side-by-side all terrain vehicles for AgResearch, and was looking at contracts with Fonterra, Landcorp and the Department of Conservation (DoC).

“People want to have seat belts and roll protection. The vehicles we sell have those things and people want to have that under the new health and safety laws.”

Adding more staff was not on the minds of dairy farmers.

The latest announcement of the fall in farm gate milk prices was expected, but unwelcome news.

DairyNZ regional manager James Muwunganirwa said farmers were doing cashflows to try to see what the lower payout would mean for them.

“They look at income and costs, and costs are the only thing they can influence.”

He said farmers were cutting feed costs by getting rid of cows (sending cull cows to meatworks) that were not in-calf, or producing well.

“That will reduce feed demand as things become even tighter.”

Farmers were also concentrating on using pasture, as it was the cheapest feed available, Muwunganirwa said.

“And some people are switching from twice-a-day milking to once-a-day. It allows them to put more condition on cows and get them in good nick before calving.”

Farmers were keeping staff, but they were talking to them to make sure everyone on-farm was on-board and aware of the cost cutting, he said.

Muwunganirwa said farmers were feeling that the industry had more volatility now and were thinking and planning long term.

“Farmers have become more resilient and they think about keeping their business more sustainable now.”

Federated farmers Manawatu/Rangitikei dairy chairman, Mat Hocken said many farmers had made decisions earlier when the payout was $4.60/kg.

“Even that was hard, now it is lower price. In the meantime, dairy farmers just have to be patient and keep going.

“But we had a hard start to this season, after a wet winter and spring. It took a long time for the soil temperatures to come up and for spring growth. I think the milk production in this region is down about 10 per cent this season.”

Hocken said farmers were now looking ahead to next season’s production and they were thinking about what next season’s payout might be.

“I think farmers are optimistic about the future. New Zealand dairying is a lower cost producer. And long term, the dairy price should go up internationally. We just have to ride this low price out and keep cool heads.”

He said dairy farmers remained confident with some farmers building new dairy sheds.

Source: Stuff

Fonterra’s organic farmers are set to cash in on potentially higher prices for their milk amid a “dramatic rise in interest and commitment to organics”, according to an industry rival.

The dairy co-operative has announced that from June its organic suppliers will be paid by one of two different systems: through an independent organic milk price linked to market returns, or – for possibly only the next two years – the current top-up system.

At present they receive the Fonterra price that all other farmers receive plus a bonus premium.

In the case of this season, that equates to $1.75 added to the farmgate forecast of $4.15 for a total of $5.90 per kilogram of milksolids.

It will be up to farmers to choose which payment system they want.

Fonterra’s global business manager for organics, Craig Deadman, said the price would be announced in late April-early May, at the same time as the farmgate price for conventional milk was announced.

He said there was increasing demand for organics and prices were higher and more stable than for conventional milk.

Per tonne, organic milk powder sells on the international market for more than NZ$14,000. By comparison, conventional milk powder prices languish at NZ$2900.

Fonterra launched a new organic policy last March and offered incentives for farmers to convert to organic systems, reversing a 2011 decision to concentrate its organics business in the Waikato.

Since then, it had achieved above its target for growth, although Deadman would not say what that was.

The company was hoping to process an extra 600,000 kg/MS during the next year.

The new payment system had come at farmers’ requests.

Fonterra’s decision to introduce a separate organic milk price is likely to prompt more Taranaki farmers to convert to organic farming, says one organic dairying champion.

Janet Fleming, a member of the new Fonterra Organic Farmers Advisory Group which provides feedback to the co-operative, has received lots of inquiries in the last three months from farmers considering adopting organic farming.

“This decision means the top level of Fonterra is recognising the importance of organics to the co-operative,” she said. “Organic milk creates profit for the whole co-operative, not just for organic farmers. The whole co-operative benefits.”

Organic farmers had been seeking a separate milk price for some time and she said it could be as much as double the price paid for conventional milksolids.

Fleming said Taranaki was one of the fastest growing regions for organic farming. About 15 Taranaki organic farmers supplied Fonterra and another five were converting their farms. Organic milk was collected daily in Taranaki and transported to the Waikato for processing.

Fleming said products to assist organic farmers were more readily available now than when she and husband Stephen started the conversion process in 2004, before there was an organic milk premium.

The couple milk 540 cross-bred cows on their two organic dairy farms comprising 184 effective hectares in the Pihama-Oeo area. They turned to organics because they wanted to be proud of the milk they produced and because it brought benefits to the environment, to their own health and to the health of their herd.

“Supplements are harder to get because we can’t use PKE, proliq or urea. But there are good options available for fertiliser. We still use fertiliser,” she said.

The chairman of the rival Organic Dairy Hub Co-operative of New Zealand, Bill Quinn, congratulated Fonterra on the move.

He said it would not take suppliers away from the hub because it was giving them a per kg price in the “mid-$7 mark” and critically that was paid in full the month following production.

“In the event Fonterra gets markets we haven’t got access to and end up paying a higher value, that’s good competitive growth,” Quinn said.

The hub is the principal supplier of organics to Lewis Rd Creamery. Its farmers are throughout the North Island and it does not operate any plant itself but uses contractors.

While Lewis Rd does not manufacture milk powder, the hub was in negotiations with a number of powder processors for the international market.

There had been a “dramatic” rise in interest from farmers.

“The hub has projections of in excess of 3 million kg of milksolids export grade product over the next three years, and we have in excess of 1 million kg of MS currently lodging paperwork with certificating agencies which also want to supply the hub,” Quinn said.

He said many of New Zealand’s farmers operated as system 1 or 2, which with minimal change could become organic.

To achieve full international market access, it usually takes three years to convert from conventional, but if farmers have not used palm kernel or urea, or other prohibited practices they can make the switch sooner.

Different markets also had different entry requirements for organic products “so we can target milk to processors that meets their requirements”.

Deadman said by linking the organic milk price to organic market returns, more farmers would become organic.

Fonterra had undertaken a series of measures recently to enhance the attractiveness of organic farming for current and prospective organic farmers.

“A recent initiative is the establishment of the Organic Farmers Advisory Group, a representative group of organic farmers who provide an additional feedback channel between organic farmers and Fonterra. They also had provided feedback on the new organic pricing system,” Deadman said.

Source: NZME

Imports of palm kernel (PKE) – which Fonterra is keen for farmers to cut back on – rose slightly in September compared with the same month in 2014.

PKE imports came to 213,488 tonnes in September, up 0.8 per cent from 211,709 tonnes in September 2014, according to data from Statistics New Zealand.

Fonterra said last month that it wanted to “future proof” the co-operative’s position as a world-leading and trusted producer of pasture-based milk products. The co-op put forward a recommended maximum of 3kg/per day/per cow was a guideline.

Palm kernel has become a useful standby for farmers, particularly during abnormal weather, when consumption can go up to 10kg a day.

The product came into its own in 2007 when a drought sent North Island farmers looking for new feed sources, marking a step change for palm kernel as a viable feed supplement.

Imports of palm kernel – a byproduct of the palm oil process – have gone from 96,000 tonnes in 2003 to 2 million tonnes last year.

Source: NZME

The decline in New Zealand milk production gathered momentum in the month of September, according the Dairy Companies of New Zealand (DCANZ) data.

Milk production, in milksolids, came to 209,484 tonnes in September, down 7.2 per cent compared with 225,777 tonnes in September 2014.

A late autumn flush led to higher production in the earlier months but the trend turned in August, when production fell slightly compared with August in the previous year.

Fonterra, in a market update released earlier this month, said New Zealand production decreased by 1 per cent in August compared to the same month last year.

The co-op said that although milk production in the year to August was up 1 per cent, unfavourable spring pasture growth conditions and low milk prices continued to put downward pressure on milk production.

The GlobalDairyTrade’s four-auction winning streak came to an abrupt end last week when prices fell by 3.1 per cent, led by declines in whole milk powder, skim milk powder and butter.

Fonterra has a $4.60 per kg of milksolids farmgate milk price forecast on its books – well short of the $5.30 per kg required to reach the estimated average breakeven point.

Fonterra has forecast its milk production to fall by 5 per cent this season and some forecasters expect New Zealand’s total production to fall by as much as 10 per cent.

October is typically the peak of the season for local milk production.

Source: Stuff

Economists are upgrading farmgate milk forecasts after being surprised by the fastest dairy price increase in five years.

Prices soared 16.5 per cent at the GlobalDairyTrade auction overnight, pushing the index to US$2568 ($4037) a tonne.

Milk production is expected to weaken throughout the season, putting more upward pressure on dairy prices.

The third consecutive increase after months of falls is welcome news to struggling dairy farmers, with further rises expected as production weakens.

The key whole milk powder price was up 20.6 per cent to US$2495 a tonne.

There were 186 bidders at the auction, with 36,050 tonnes sold, up slightly from the 35,865 tonnes at the start of the month.

ANZ hiked its forecast payout by 50c to $4.25-$4.50 per kilogram of milksolids.

ASB’s bullish forecast was already at $4.50, and rural economist Nathan Penny said the bank had revised it to $5..

“We’d expected a strong one, but it’s on the strong side of what we’d factored in,” he said.

Penny said much had been made of Fonterra’s decision to cut back on auction volumes, which had played a part in the auction result.

“[But] the main story in town is the fact that production is shaping up to be materially weaker this season,” he said.

“As that information is firmed up, we expect prices to kick on.”

A poor spring had resulted in below average grass growth, with an increase in slaughtering also likely to lower production.

“We also know that many plan to cull further once we’re fully through calving and the peak of milk production,” Penny said.

Federated Farmers dairy chairman Andrew Hoggard said the result could mean a recovery in dairy prices was solid.

“But at the same time we still have to be cautious because we are into the season now, and a lot of the product’s already been sold and forward contracted at lower prices.”

He did expect the latest string of results to mean a bounce back in payout for farmers later this season, even if the GDT lifts continue.

“It’s still going to be a tight end of season payout, with any luck it’s looking better what than it currently is.”

He put this latest lift down to simple supply and demand. Overseas buyers had realised that it was likely less milk would be produced this season and were buying accordingly.

The federation’s vice-chairman and Waikato president Chris Lewis said it would be an understatement to say farmers were happy with the result.

“They’ll also be wary that we’ve just had 10 in a row of negatives,” he said. “It’s been a year of up and downs.”

Lewis said the price to watch was US$3500 a tonne, a level last seen more than a year ago.

“If it hits that before Christmas, then the financial pressure will come off farmers a little bit this season.”

AgriHQ revised its forecast farmgate milk price to $4.65 per kilogram of milksolids, up 46c.

Analyst Susan Kilsby said the larger-than-expected increase was partly driven by lower volumes.

The amount of whole milk powder offered at the Tuesday night auction was 43 per cent lower than the same time last year.

Kilsby said El Nino conditions were also highly likely to continue through the summer.

“Buyers are aware that a drier than normal summer will slow milk output in New Zealand, therefore we are starting to see a little more urgency from buyers wishing to secure purchases.”

Fonterra’s current farmgate forecast is $3.85, well below the break-even point for most dairy farmers.

The New Zealand dollar rallied slightly on the positive result, climbing to US63.47 cents from US63.28 cents at 5pm on Tuesday.

Source: Stuff

The latest fall in milk prices on Fonterra’s GlobalDairyTrade has prompted farming and agribusiness leaders to question whether the auction should be temporary suspended until milk prices stabilise.

Prices fell 9.3 per cent after the latest GDT on Wednesday , the 10th consecutive fall and bringing them to levels not seen since 2002.

The dairy sector is New Zealand’s biggest exporter, with sales of milk powder, butter and cheese were worth about $12 billion in the the past year, down 24 per cent on the previous June year. The slump in dairy prices has seen the New Zealand dollar fall sharply this year and the Reserve Bank cut interest rates, with more expected.

Dairy prices have fallen again at the latest dairy auction.

The slump in dairy prices means few farmers will be making money, with farmers facing two seasons of low prices.

Temporarily suspending the GDT was a “reasonable question” to ask, given the unprecedented and volatile times the industry faced, Waikato Federated Farmers president Chris Lewis said.

The auction was exacerbating dairy market volatility and the extent of the drop, he said.

“It’s a major contributor to the decline. It’s been gamed by buyers and the price for that is being paid by [the] New Zealand farmer.”

He called for an industry-wide discussion on whether it should be temporarily suspended until the market improved.

He said Fonterra should have halted the auction when whole milk powder prices reached $2000 a tonne.

“That would have been leadership. They should have said: ‘That is our reserve, buy our good quality product at no less than $2000′.

“It’s madness, devoid of any common sense to keep [the] GDT operative in these times.”

Such a move was not unprecedented. The Chinese government suspended their stock exchange to hold its value when it shares plummeted, he said.

The only mechanism left for Fonterra farmers to vent their frustrations were the director elections later this year, he said.

Lewis, an Open Country Dairy supplier, described the latest GDT fall as “beyond belief”.

It meant Fonterra was advertising farmers’ milk solids for sale under $3/kg milk solids.

“Who could ever or would ever advertise their suppliers’ raw material for sale at less than half the cost of production? Fonterra are, through their GDT platform, telling all of the global buyers they will sell farmers milk at half what it costs their farmers to produce. It’s as simple as that.”

The latest result also confirmed there will be a fall in the milk price when Fonterra update their forecast on Friday.

“The question is how much will it drop. It’s so depressing now that you don’t want to put a figure behind it.”

He estimated it would fall to somewhere between Westland Milk Products’ forecast of $4.60-$5/kg MS and Open Country Dairy’s $3.65-$3.95/kg MS.

The call was backed by OCD chairman Laurie Margrain who said the GDT, and its influence on the market, needed a robust review for the good of the industry. Its impact on the milk price and therefore farmer incomes was significant and worthy of a robust review.

“I wouldn’t say that it should be suspended or done away with, but it does need a very robust look at market prices, market behaviour and the outcomes its generated.”

He said the GDT tended to proliferate the current downward spiral of dairy products.

Waikato University professor of agribusiness Jacqueline Rowarth also supported Lewis.

“The only way to stop the slide is to say we’re not trading anymore and I have been saying for several weeks to stop the auction.”

However, Fonterra’s managing director of global ingredients, Kelvin Wickham said in a statement that the GDT had not caused low prices. Nearly all of the product offered on the most recent GDT sold to willing buyers.

“Low prices are a reflection of the market which is currently oversupplied with dairy product while dairy importing countries face political, social and economic challenges. Suspending GDT would not solve the supply-demand imbalance.”

As well as the price index falling by 9.3 per cent, New Zealand’s main exports of whole milk powder and skim milk powder fell by 10.3 per cent and 14.4 per cent respectively.

The average sale price was US$1815 a tonne and many of the products failed to move from their opening prices, which Fonterra sets at 15 per cent below the previous auction price.

This outcome followed disastrous results from the previous auction on July 15 when the price index suffered 10.7 per cent fall.

ASB rural economist Nathan Penny said very few farmers would be producing profitably with dairy prices this low.

“The last time they were this low was around 2002,” he said.

“Prices are a bit of a falling knife at the moment and no one is keen to catch it.”

He said there were a few indicators of prices recovering in the future but when that would be was difficult to say.

Production may slow given little money would be made at current levels and there was also the risk of dry weather coming up this season, Penny said.

Based on the auction overnight, ASB expected Fonterra to place its price for the 2015-2016 season around $4 when it makes its announcement on Friday.

Penny said there were some risks Fonterra would go even lower than that but he did not expect it to be the final call for the season.
AgriHQ dairy analyst Susan Kilsby said farmers now faced two consecutive seasons of extremely low milk prices.

“Very few farmers will be able to turn a profit at such a low milk price,” she said.

“A $1 per kilogram milk solid drop in the milk price equates to approximately $2 billion less income for dairy farmers.”

UNDERSTANDING THE FALL

Penny said the main reasons why dairy prices have been going south are:

Supply: there is an oversupply of milk globally. New Zealand is a leading exporter and it has had two big seasons back to back. The 2013-2014 season grew by 10 per cent when production was normally growing closer to 3 per cent, Penny said.

Growth in the season just gone was 3.6 per cent, despite the low milk prices.

Supply is also strong in Europe and China, New Zealand’s big dairy market.

Penny said China was a big producer of dairy as well, reaching double digit production growth over 2014 and resulting in New Zealand whole milk powder exports to China falling by over half.

“That reflects the fact that China’s own production has been really high and they are able to stock up on their products earlier on. Now they’re well-stocked so they don’t need to come to the market to buy,” he said.

Demand: China’s growth has been weak with concerns in the country’s share market and weaker industrial and manufacturing data painting a picture of China’s economy slowing down.

Demand was also weak in Russia and Brazil, with India being the only positive market in the mix, Penny said.

New Zealand tends to look to developing markets to grown its own exports and for now, those are not doing well, he said.

Sentiment: “Buyers are not willing to catch the falling knife at the moment,” Penny said, pointing to the potential buyer mentality of: “What’s the point if prices are falling? You can just wait til next time and buy then”.

Source: Stuff

New Zealand’s second biggest milk processor Open Country Dairy has slashed its milk payout forecast by more than $1kg for the season as industry pessimism deepens about the multi-billion dollar dairy sector’s earnings outlook.

Open Country had until last week been forecasting a milk payment of $4.75-4.95kg milksolids to its around 700 national supplier farmers.

Now it has told its farmers to instead bank on $3.65-$3.95kg.

Industry milk price setter Fonterra, which collects the lion’s share of the country’s raw milk from farmers, is still forecasting a season milk price of $5.25kg.

Fonterra, the country’s biggest company by revenue is expected to downgrade this forecast on or about August 7.

The expected milk price forecast slump is on the heels of last week’s Global Dairy Trade auction result where prices plummeted 10.7 per cent to US$2082 tonne, the lowest level in six years and continuing a string of falls this year. Fonterra-owned GDT is considered a barometer of international dairy prices.

Economists slashed their forecasts as a result of the latest GDT result with the country’s biggest rural lender ANZ Bank downgrading its milk price prediction for the season to $3.75-$4kg.

Waikato specialist dairy accountant Nigel McWilliam of Diprose Miller said the real concern around Fonterra’s expected August 7 downgrade announcement was the inevitable cut in the early season advance rate.

The season forecast related to a 16 month period, but with farmers currently borrowing $1.50-$2kg for working capital, the advance rate was the key focus now, he said.